ARCHITECTURE OF THE CENTERS OF FOLK CRAFTS OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article discusses the architectural and functional planning features of folk craft centres in the Republic of Kazakhstan as cultural and educational infrastructure facilities. The aim of the study is to identify and systematise the architectural, planning and typological principles of craft centre development based on a comparative analysis of domestic and international experience. The study identifies stable functional zones and spatial relationships that ensure effective interaction between production, educational, exhibition and public functions. Based on the analysis, three basic typological models of folk craft centres have been identified: a compact year-round centre, a pavilion-cluster craft complex, and an adaptive multifunctional space. Each model is considered in terms of its architectural and planning structure, functional organisation, and applicability in various urban and regional conditions. Particular attention is paid to the unification of architectural solutions, taking into account national, regional, and historical and cultural characteristics. The article also reveals the socio-cultural role of folk craft centres as institutions for the preservation of intangible cultural heritage, the transfer of traditional knowledge, and the development of the creative economy. It is shown that a modern craft centre should function not only as a production base, but also as a multifunctional public space that facilitates interaction between craftsmen, students and visitors. The results obtained can be used in the development of architectural and planning standards, the design of folk craft centres, and the formation of regional programmes for sustainable cultural development.