SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH THE PRISM OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS

Abstract

The article shows the problem of inconsistency of the dynamics of socio-economic development of Kazakhstan with the rate of demographic growth. The basis of the sovereign strategy of demographic development was the ethno-demographic situation that developed in the Soviet era. Currently, the task has been solved - the birth rate is high, the number of ethnic immigrants has exceeded one million people, the population, the majority of which is the Kazakh ethnic group, has amounted to more than 20 million people. A demographic system has taken shape, acting on a sovereign basis. At present, the previous strategy, based on quantitative parameters in order to eliminate the ethno-demographic imbalances of the past, is increasingly contrary to modern realities. It is necessary to search for new approaches to adequately characterize the current demographic situation. And on this basis to develop a new demographic strategy.

The conclusion is formulated that the demographic factor is not sufficiently taken into account in state development programs and is outside the context of the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan. The gradual maturation and socialization of the baby boom generation of the 21st century leads to many problems: there is an increasingly acute shortage of student places in schools, the number of jobs in the socio-economic structure clearly does not correspond to the number of young people entering the working age. The consequence of the uneven development of the regions is uncontrolled internal migration and population concentration in Kazakhstani megacities, which significantly actualizes the problems of unemployment. The thesis about the need for an increase in the birth rate, an increase in the population in order to fill sparsely populated areas is neutralized.

The authors identified a range of issues and problems of demographic development and regulation of demographic processes that need attention from government agencies and the scientific community.