DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF KAZAKHSTAN: HISTORICAL ASPECT (1959-1989)

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the regional features of demographic development in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1959 to 1989, based on historical and statistical data. Major processes such as the Virgin Lands campaign, industrialization, collectivization, and internal migration had a significant impact on the ethnic composition of the population, the level of urbanization, and the socio-economic profile of the regions. The study utilizes census data from 1959, 1970, 1979, and 1989 to examine in detail the urban-rural population ratio, changes in ethnic structure, natural population growth, and migration dynamics. Based on ethnodemographic characteristics, the territory of Kazakhstan is conditionally divided into four major regions: North-East, Central, Western, and Southern, with specific attention given to each region's developmental traits. The article highlights trends such as the increasing share of ethnic Kazakhs, the gradual decline of Slavic groups, and the uneven pace of urbanization. The causes and consequences of these demographic shifts are scientifically analyzed, emphasizing their role in shaping the modern social structure of Kazakhstan. The findings serve as a valuable source for policymakers in the development of effective regional strategies and in maintaining interethnic stability.